Determinação do período de estabilidade de soluções volumétricas rotineiramente utilizadas em laboratórios de análises químicas / Determination of the stability period of volumetric solutions routinely used in chemical analysis laboratories / Determinación del período de estabilidad de las soluciones volumétricas utilizadas habitualmente en los laboratorios de análisis químicos

As soluções volumétricas são rotineiramente utilizadas nos laboratórios, principalmente nos processos de síntese de produtos e nas análises quantitativas de matéria-prima e/ou produto acabado, entretanto poucos são os estudos que abordam a estabilidade destas soluções. Considerando que a qualidade das soluções volumétricas pode afetar os procedimentos de análises químicas e consequentemente induzir a erros, e ainda que, a Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010) não cita tempo máximo de utilização dessas soluções padronizadas, a avaliação da estabilidade das mesmas é importante. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a estabilidadede 10 soluções volumétricas, empregadas rotineiramente em laboratórios de análises químicas, com o intuito de estabelecer o período que essas soluções permanecem estáveis, isto é, sem sofrer alteração na concentração. As metodologias de preparo e padronização das soluções volumétricas seguiram os métodos descritos na Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010), sendo as mesmas padronizadas no momento do preparo e a cada 20 dias, por um período de 180 dias. As soluções contendo ácidos e bases, bem como as soluções de iodato de potássio e nitrato de prata, permaneceram constantes durante o período de análises. As soluções de EDTA, iodo, nitrito de sódio, permanganato de potássio e tiossulfato de sódio apresentaram estabilidade inferior a 180 dias, tornando necessária a realização de padronização periódica. As soluções volumétricas utilizadas nos laboratórios apresentam diferentes estabilidades, o que ressalta a importância da determinação do período que as mesmas se mantêmcom as concentrações estáveis, evitando possíveis alterações de resultados nas análises químicas.

Volumetric solutions are routinely used in laboratories, mainly in product synthesis processes and in quantitative analyzes of raw materials and/or finished products, however there are few studies that address the stability of these solutions. Considering that the quality of volumetric solutions can affect chemical analysis procedures and consequently induce errors, and even though the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2010) does not mention the maximum time for using these standardized solutions, the evaluation of their stability is important. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of 10 volumetric solutions, routinely used in chemical analysis laboratories, in order to establish the period that these solutions remain stable without changing their concentrations. The methodologies for preparing and standardizing the volumetric solutions followed the methods described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2010), being standardized at the time of preparation and every 20 days, for a period of 180 days. Solutions containing acids and bases, as well as potassium iodate and silver nitrate solutions, were stable during the analysis period. The solutions of EDTA, iodine, sodium nitrite, potassium permanganate and sodium thiosulfate showed stability less than 180 days, making it necessary to carry out periodic standardization of these solutions. The volumetric solutions used in the laboratories have different stabilities, which highlights the importance of determining the period in which they remain stable, avoiding possible changes in results in chemical analyzes.

Las soluciones volumétricas se utilizan de forma rutinaria en los laboratorios, principalmente en los procesos de síntesis de productos y en el análisis cuantitativo de materias primas y/o productos acabados. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que aborden la estabilidad de estas soluciones. Considerando que la calidad de las soluciones volumétricas puede afectar los procedimientos de análisis químico y consecuentemente inducir a errores, y también que, la Farmacopea Brasileña (2010) no menciona el tiempo máximo de uso de estas soluciones estandarizadas, la evaluación de su estabilidad es importante. Así, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la estabilidad de 10 soluciones volumétricas, utilizadas rutinariamente en los laboratorios de análisis químico, con el fin de establecer el período en que estas soluciones permanecen estables, es decir, sin sufrir alteraciones en la concentración. Las metodologías de preparación y estandarización de las soluciones volumétricas siguieron los métodos descritos en la Farmacopea Brasileña (2010), siendo las mismas estandarizadas en el momento de la preparación y cada 20 días, por un período de 180 días. Las soluciones que contienen ácidos y bases, así como las soluciones de yodato de potasio y nitrato de plata, permanecieron constantes durante el periodo de análisis. Las soluciones de EDTA, yodo, nitrito de sodio, permanganato de potasio y tiosulfato de sodio fueron estables durante menos de 180 días, por lo que fue necesario realizar estandarizaciones periódicas. Las soluciones volumétricas utilizadas en los laboratorios presentan diferentes estabilidades, lo que pone de manifiesto la importancia de determinar el periodo que permanecen con concentraciones estables, evitando posibles cambios en los resultados en los análisis químicos.

A adição de solução de permanganato de potássio ao curativo preconizado por diretrizes internacionais, no local de inserção do cateter venoso central, pode reduzir a prevalência de infecções da corrente sanguínea em unidade de terapia intensiva? um ensaio clínico randomizado / The addition of potassium permanganate solution to the dressing recommended by international guidelines at the insertion site of the central venous catheter may reduce the prevalence of bloodstream infections related to the use of these catheters in an Intensive Care Unit? A randomized controlled trial

As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde são muito prevalentes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), sendo 30% delas relacionadas às infecções da corrente sanguínea; estas são relevantes por aumentar a morbimortalidade e os custos de internação. A proposta deste estudo é avaliar se a adição de permanganato de potássio à 1:10.000 ao curativo nos locais de introdução de cateter venoso central (CVC) é capaz de reduzir as infecções de corrente sanguínea, nos pacientes internados na UTI do Hospital Policlin 9 de julho (HP9Julho). Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, randomizado e controlado que avaliou o banco de dados de controle de infecção hospitalar do HP9Julho, de 353 cateteres/dia que receberam em seus curativos, nos locais de inserção do CVC, realizados conforme recomendações do 2011 CDC Guidelines, a adição da solução de permanganato (KMnO4) à 1:10.000 (Grupo KMnO4), e 353 cateteres/dia que não receberam o KMnO4 (Grupo Controle). Nos resultados, com relação à presença de infecção de corrente sanguínea, foi encontrada uma relação de 7:2, quando comparado o grupo controle com o grupo KMnO4, o que apresenta significância estatística, entretanto. Os grupos KMnO4 e Controle foram avaliados e comparados por meio dos testes de Mann-Whitney e teste Binomial das Proporções com relação a 2 variáveis individuais (gênero e idade) além de 8 variáveis clínicas (intubação orotraqueal, CVD, CVC, cateteres-dia, óbitos, hemocultura positiva, APACHE II e SAPS III), sendo que houve diferença estatisticamente significante apenas entre os valores de hemoculturas positivas (p- valor = 0,05). Portanto, o resultado deste estudo mostrou que a adição de permanganato de potássio 1:10.000, ao curativo recomendado pelo 2011 Guidelines CDC, reduziu as infecções de corrente sanguínea, relacionadas a cateter venoso central, nos pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Policlin 9 de julho

Healthcare-related infections are very prevalent in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), 30% of them related to bloodstream infections; these are relevant because they increase morbidity, mortality and hospitalization costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of 1:10,000 potassium permanganate to the dressing at central venous catheter introduction (CVC) sites is able to reduce bloodstream infections in ICU patients at Hospital Policlin 9 de July (HP9July). This was a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the HP9July hospital infection control database of 353 catheters/day they received in their dressings at CVC insertion sites, according as recommended by the 2011 CDC Guidelines. the addition of permanganate solution (KMnO4) at 1:10,000 (KMnO4 Group), and 353 catheters / day not receiving KMnO4 (Control Group). In the results, regarding the presence of infection in the bloodstream, we have found a ratio of 7:2, when compared the control group with the KMnO4 group, which had statistical significance. The KMnO4 and Control groups were evaluated and compared using the Mann-Whitney test and the Binomial Proportions test for 2 individual variables (gender and age) in addition to 8 clinical variables (orotracheal intubation, CVD, CVC, catheters-day, deaths, positive blood culture, APACHE II and SAPS III), with a statistically significant difference only between the values of positive blood cultures (p-value = 0.05). Therefore, based on the results obtained, we conclude that the addition of potassium permanganate 1: 10,000, to the dressing recommended by the 2011 Guidelines CDC, reduced bloodstream infections, related to central venous catheter, in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of said hospital.

Corrosive Esophagitis Induced by Potassium Permanganate / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Melanin bleaching with potassium permanganate for melanocytic lesions diagnosis in veterinary medicine / Despigmentação de melanócitos com permanganato de potássio para diagnóstico de lesões melanocíticas na medicina veterinária

The aim of this study was to microscopically re-evaluate the melanocytic lesions diagnoses established by the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over a period of eleven years; in addition, to perform a comparative analysis between the conventional histopathological (CH) method and the use of the melanin bleaching (MB) technique with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid solutions. The results of the MB method presented a disagreement in 24.32% of the diagnosis previously by CH, with low agreement (61.0%) and low Kappa coefficient (0.2267). Melanoma was the most frequent lesion, more frequent in elderly and non-breed female dogs. The most frequent melanoma location was in the cutaneous tissue. The presence or absence of a pagetoid spread in cutaneous samples, distribution of melanin, pattern of cell layout, cell morphology, degree of cellular atypia, and the number of mitoses verified after MB were the most important criteria to confirm the diagnosis of malignancy or benignity of the lesions. Evaluating pathologists considered MB to be essential for the majority of diagnoses and an efficient complementary method for the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions, even in cases with a moderate degree of pigmentation.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou reavaliar microscopicamente os diagnósticos de lesões melanocíticas estabelecidos pelo setor de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, em um período de 11 anos, e, com base nesse levantamento, realizar uma análise comparativa entre o método histopatológico convencional (HC) e o método de despigmentação de melanócitos (DM) com permanganato de potássio, ácido sulfúrico e ácido oxálico. A DM revelou discordância em 24,32% dos diagnósticos previamente estabelecidos por HC, apresentando baixa concordância (61,0%) e baixo valor de coeficiente Kappa (0,2267). A alteração mais frequente foi o melanoma, com maior ocorrência em cadelas idosas sem raça definida (SRD). A localização mais frequente dos melanomas foi cutânea. A presença ou ausência de disseminação pagetoide nos casos cutâneos, a forma de distribuição da melanina, o padrão de disposição das células, a morfologia celular, o grau de atipia celular e a quantidade de mitoses verificada após a despigmentação foram critérios de elevada importância para firmar o diagnóstico quanto à malignidade ou benignidade da lesão. A despigmentação foi considerada pelos patologistas avaliadores como essencial para o diagnóstico na maioria dos casos, o que leva a concluir que ela constitui um método complementar eficiente no diagnóstico das lesões melanocíticas, mesmo em casos com grau moderado de pigmentação.(AU)

Novel application of vacuum sealing drainage with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate for managing infective wounds of gas gangrene / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Traumatic gas gangrene is a fatal infection mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens. It is a challenge to manage gas gangrene in open wounds and control infection after debridement or amputation. The aim of the present study was to use vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate to manage infective wounds of gas gangrene and observe its clinical efficacy. A total of 48 patients with open traumatic gas gangrene infection were included in this study. Amputations were done for 27 patients, and limb salvage procedures were performed for the others. After amputation or aggressive debridement, the VSD system, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foam dressing and polyurethane (PU) film, with continuous irrigation of 1:5000 potassium permanganate solutions, was applied to the wounds. During the follow-up, all the patients healed without recurrence within 8-18 months. There were four complications. Cardiac arrest during amputation surgery occurred in one patient who suffered from severe septic shock. Emergent resuscitation was performed and the patient returned to stable condition. One patient suffered from mixed infection of Staphylococcal aureus, and a second-stage debridement was performed. One patient suffered from severe pain of the limb after the debridement. Exploratory operation was done and the possible reason was trauma of a local peripheral nerve. Three cases of crush syndrome had dialysis treatment for concomitant renal failure. In conclusion, VSD can convert open wound to closed wound, and evacuate necrotic tissues. Furthermore, potassium permanganate solutions help eliminate anaerobic microenvironment and achieve good therapeutic effect on gas gangrene and mixed infection. VSD with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate is a novel, simple and feasible alternative for severe traumatic open wounds with gas gangrene infection.

Candidiasis cutánea generalizada en recién nacido a término / Generalized cutaneous candidiasis in newborn at term

Introducción. La candidiasis cutánea es una enfermedad que afecta tanto a población infantil como adulta. Las forma de presentación puede ser localizada o sistémica y el agente etiológico múltiple, siendo las especies infecciosas de Candida albicans más prevalentes en niños. Objetivo. Presentar un caso de candidiasis cutánea congénita cuya causa aparente fue la transmisión vertical durante el parto. Material y metodología. Se describe el caso de un recién nacido a término expuesto a una candidiasis vaginal subclínica, que desarrolló una candidiasis cutánea congénita por C. albicans asociada a sepsis y dificultad respiratoria en las primeras 24 horas de vida. Se practicaron hemocultivos, biopsia cutánea de las lesiones pápulopústulo-vesiculosas, análisis de sangre y punción lumbar. Resultados. En la bioquímica y el hemograma se encontró una proteína C reactiva de 5,7 mg/dl, leucocitosis con desviación a la izquierda y anemia leve. A las 24 horas, en el control se encontró una proteína C reactiva (7,82 mg/dl) que fue en aumento progresivo durante tres días, por lo que se practicó punción lumbar. El hemocultivo fue positivo para Staphylococcus aureus. La biopsia cutánea dio como resultado histológico la candidiasis cutánea. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico precoz es fundamental para prevenir complicaciones derivadas del cuadro producido por C. albicans en neonatos.

Introduction. Cutaneous candidiasis is a disease that affects children as well as adults. The presentation may be localized or systemic, and with multiple etiological agents. The most prevalent infecting species in children differs from that of the adult. Objective. A case is presented where a congenital cutaneous candidiasis was transmitted to the child during birth. Materials and methods. A full term newborn was exposed to a subclinical vaginal candidiasis infection, and 24 hr after birth, developed congenital cutaneous candidiasis. The etiological agent was Candida albicans, and was associated with sepsis and respiratory distress. Blood cultures, cutaneous biopsy of vesicular lesions, blood tests and lumbar puncture were performed. Results. Biochemistry and blood count showed a CRP of 5.7 mg/dl, leukocytosis with left shift and mild anemia. After 24 hr, the blood analyses showed an increase in a CRP (7.8 mg/dl) and increased progressively for three days; consequently, a lumbar puncture was performed. Blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Cutaneous biopsy confirmed the cutaneous candidiasis. Conclusions. The early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications derived by the Candida albicans in newborns.

Avaliação in vitro da sensibilidade da Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis frente a diferentes tipos de antissépticos e desinfetantes e determinação de sua curva de crescimento / In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis to different kinds of antiseptics and disinfectants, and the determination of its growth curve

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito in vitro de antissépticos e desinfetantes contra a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e descrever a curva de crescimento deste micro-organismo em caldo de infusão de cérebro e coração adicionado de 0,1% de Tween 80 (BHI + T), ao longo de 48 horas. Foram avaliados tintura de iodo a 10%, hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%, permanganato de potássio a 5%, sabonete líquido antisséptico Aseptol® e álcool etílico absoluto (99,8%), por meio da metodologia da disco-difusão. Um swab estéril foi imerso na suspensão bacteriana produzida e semeado em placa de ágar Mueller-Hinton. Discos estéreis foram embebidos em cada solução a ser testada e distribuídos na superfície do ágar. Os resultados foram obtidos de acordo com o diâmetro do halo produzido ao redor dos discos. Para obtenção da curva de crescimento, colônias isoladas do micro-organismo foram inoculadas em frasco contendo BHI + T. A cada quatro horas, 2 mL eram retirados para medição da massa celular em espectrofotômetro e 1 mL para realização das diluições seriadas, plaqueamento em ágar sangue e contagem de células viáveis. Observou-se que, para a obtenção de uma concentração máxima de C. pseudotuberculosis, próxima a 1.200 x 105 células viáveis/mL, deve-se manter o inóculo sob incubação adequada por um período de 28 a 40 horas. Quanto à prova de sensibilidade, verificou-se que a tintura de iodo a 10%, seguida pelo hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% e permanganato de potássio a 5%, foram os antissépticos e desinfetantes com maior poder bactericida in vitro contra a C. pseudotuberculosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of antiseptics and disinfectants against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and to define the growth curve of this microrganism inoculated in brain heart infusion broth plus 0.1% of Tween 80 (BHI + T), for 48 hours incubation. For the susceptibility test, evaluations were made using 10% iodine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 5% potassium permanganate, Aseptol® liquid soap, and absolute ethyl alcohol (99.8%), by way of the disc-diffusion method. A sterile swab was immersed in a bacterial suspension and plated in Mueller-Hinton agar. Sterile discs were immersed in each solution to be tested and distributed on the agar surface. The results were obtained according to the inhibition circle diameter formed around the disc. For the growth curve determination, colonies were inoculated in a bottle containing BHI + T. Every 4 hours, 2 mL was withdrawn to evaluate the cell mass in a spectrophotometer, and 1 mL was taken to perform serial dilutions, blood agar base plating and counting of viable cells. It was observed that in order to reach the maximum concentration of C. pseudotuberculosis, close to 1,200 x 105 viable cells/mL, the inoculum must be maintained at appropriate incubation for a period of 28-40 hours. The sensibility test indicated.

A simplified acute physiology score in the prediction of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning outcome.

Background : Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is used as a fumigant. It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. Unfortunately, there is no known antidote for AlP intoxication, and also, there are few data about its prognostic factors. AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II ) in the prediction of outcome in patients with acute AlP poisoning requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods : This was a prospective study in patients with acute AlP poisoning, admitted to the ICU over a period of 12 months. The demographic data were collected and SAPSII was recorded. The patients were divided into survival and non-survival groups due to outcome. Statistical Analysis : The data were expressed as mean ± SD for continuous or discrete variables and as frequency and percentage for categorical variables. The results were compared between the two groups using SPSS software. Results : During the study period, 39 subjects were admitted to the ICU with acute AlP poisoning. All 39 patients required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in addition to gastric decontamination with sodium bicarbonate, permanganate potassium, and activated charcoal, therapy with MgSO 4 and calcium gluconate and adequate hydration. Among these patients, 26 (66.7%) died. SAPSII was significantly higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group (11.88 ± 4.22 vs. 4.31 ± 2.06, respectively) (P < 0.001). Conclusion : SAPSII calculated within the first 24 hours was recognized as a good prognostic indicator among patients with acute AlP poisoning requiring ICU admission.

Sensitive spectrophotometric assay of simvastatin in pharmaceuticals using permanganate / Ensaio espectrofotométrico sensíveis de sinvastatina em medicamentos utilizando permanganato

Two simple, sensitive, selective and inexpensive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of simvastatin (SMT) in bulk drug and in tablets using permanganate as the oxidimetric reagent. In method A, SMT is treated with a measured excess of permanganate in acetic acid medium and the unreacted oxidant is measured at 550 nm, whereas in method B the reaction is carried out in alkaline medium and the resulting manganate is measured at 610 nm. In method A, the amount of permanganate reacted corresponds to the SMT content and the absorbance is found to decrease linearly with the concentration; and in method B, the absorbance increases with concentration. The working conditions of assays were optimized, and the methods were validated according to the current ICH guidelines. Under optimum conditions, SMT could be assayed in the concentration ranges, 1.47 - 17.67x10-5 and 2.27 - 27.18 x10-6 mol/L by method A and method B, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivities are 3.2 x 10³ and 2.5 x 10(4) L/mol/cm for method A and method B, respectively with corresponding Sandell sensitivity values of 0.0387 and 0.0178 μg/cm². The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) have also been reported. Accuracy and precision for the assay were determined by calculating the intra-day and inter-day at three concentrations; the intra-day RSD was < 2 percent and the accuracy was better than 2.15 percent (RE). The methods were applied successfully for the determination of SMT in tablet dosage form with a high percentage of recovery, good accuracy and precision, and without measurable interference by the excipients. The accuracy was further ascertained from placebo and synthetic mixture analysis and also from the spike-recovery method.

Dois métodos espectrofotométricos simples, sensíveis, seletivos e baratos são descritos para a determinação de sinvastatina (SMT) a granel e em comprimidos, utilizando permanganato como reagente oxidimétrico. No método A, a SMT é tratada com excesso conhecido de permanganato em meio de ácido acético e o oxidante que não reage é medido a 550 nm, enquanto no método B, a reação é efetuada em meio alcalino e o manganato resultante é medido a 610 nm. No método A, a quantidade de permanganato que reage corresponde ao conteúdo de SMT e a absorbância diminui linearmente com o aumento da concentração; no método B, a absorbância aumenta com o aumento da concentração. As condições de trabalho do ensaio foram otimizadas e os métodos, validados de acordo com as normas do ICH. Sob condições ótimas, a SMT pode ser ensaiada nas faixas de concentração de 1,47- 17,67x10-5 e de 2,27-27,18 x10-6 mol/L pelo método A e B, respectivamente. As absortividades molares calculadas são 2 x 10³ e 2,5 x 10(4) L/ mol/cm, respectivamente, para os métodos A e B, com os valores correspondentes de sensibilidade de Sandell de 0,0387 e 0,0178 μg/cm². Os limites de detecção (LOQ) também foram relatados. A exatidão e a precisão do ensaio foram determinadas pelo cálculo de três concentrações intra- e inter-dia; a RSD intra-dia foi <2 por cento e a exatidão foi melhor que 2,15 por cento (RE). Os métodos foram aplicados com sucesso à determinação de SMT em comprimidos com alta porcentagem de recuperação, boa exatidão e precisão e sem interferência mensurável dos excipientes. A exatidão foi posteriormente determinada no placebo e na mistura sintética e, também, pelo método de spike recovery.

Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric determination of 1,4-dihydropyridine drugs using potassium permanganate and cerium [IV] ammonium sulphate

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed for determination of 1, 4-dihydropyridine [1, 4-DHP] drugs based on the oxidation of the investigated 1, 4-DHP drugs with acidic KMnO4 [method I] or Ce [IV] [method II]. The first method is based on the decrease in the colour of the permanganate solution due to the presence of the studied drug was measured at 525 nm. And the second method is based on monitoring the fluorescence of the produced cerium [III] at emission 355 nm [excitation at 255 nm]. All variables that affect the performance of the proposed methods were carefully studied and optimized. The analytical performance of the methods was validated according to International Conference of Harmonization guidelines. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of the drugs in commercial tablets and capsules. The results of the proposed procedures were statistically and compared with those obtained by the reference methods

Tinea Manus Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei Transferred from a Hedgehog / 대한피부과학회지

The hedgehog has recently become a fashionable pet in South Korea, especially among the younger persons. However, hedgehogs have been rarely reported to carry fungus that can cause human dermatomycosis. We report such a case. A 12-year-old boy was bitten by his hedgehog one week prior to presentation; he developed two clearly defined erythematous plaques with some pustules on the fingers. Periodic acid-Schiff stain of the biopsy specimen showed long, septated fungal hyphae in the keratin layer. KOH examination and fungus culture showed Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes. The subtype was identified as T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of theribosomal DNA. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole (3.3 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 weeks) and topical ketoconazole cream with potassium permanganate wet dressings twice a day, resulting in complete resolution of the skin lesions.

Análise bioquímica dos expansores teciduais: estudo in vitro / Biochemical analysis of the tissues expanders: study in vitro

Introdução: Os expansores teciduais representam instrumentos úteis para correção deseqüelas cicatriciais. Neumann (1957) foi o primeiro a publicar relato sobre expansão de pele.Desde então, os expansores vêm sendo utilizados para reparações. Objetivos: Os objetivosdo trabalho são apresentar e avaliar a permeabilidade dos expansores teciduais em estudo“in vitro”. Método: Método 1 - Foram analisados 7 expansores aleatórios em 7 soluçõesdistintas, onde foram mergulhados nas respectivas soluções, preenchidos com ar em seusvolumes totais, encontrados seus períodos de saturação após pesagens, realizado lavado deseu interior com água bidestilada (controle) e enviados para análise. Método 2: Foram unidastais soluções em único frasco, mergulhados 2 expansores aleatórios preenchidos com águabidestilada, aguardados 48 horas e analisadas amostras. Outro frasco foi feito com soluçãode albumina e repetida a mesma metodologia anterior. Resultados: Método 1 - Na análise dosexpansores vazios, a albumina, cloreto, cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e glicose apresentaram-seabaixo do limite de quantificação dos métodos utilizados. O sódio e potássio apresentaramvalores próximos ao limite inferior. Método 2 - Na análise após 48 horas, todos os íonsapresentaram-se abaixo do limite de quantificação, exceto a glicose e o sódio no expansortexturizado em baixíssimo valor pelo método utilizado. Conclusões: O presente estudo sugerepermeabilidade débil ou irrelevante nas análises referidas.

Introduction: The tissues expanders represent useful tools to correct scar’s sequels.Neumann (1957) was the first to publish a report on expansion of skin. Since then theexpanders have been used for repairs. Objectives: The goals of the work are to report andevaluate the permeability of tissues expanders under study “in vitro”. Methods: Method 1- It was analyzed seven different expanders in seven different solutions, where it’s beenimmersed in their respective solutions, filled with air in their totals, found their periods ofsaturations after weighing, when it was done washed of its inside with bidestilated water(control) and sent to analysis. Method 2 - It was put all the solutions together in a single bottle,immersed two aleatory expanders filled with bidestilated water, and after 48 hours, sentsamples to analysis. Another bottle was done with albumin and repeated the same previousmethodology. Results: Method 1 - In the analysis of empty expanders, the albumin, chlorine,calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and glucose performed under to quantification limits of theused methods. The sodium and potassium performed near to lower limit. Method 2 - In theanalysis after 48 hours, all of ions performed under to quantification limit, except the glucoseand sodium in expander texturized were in very low value to used methods. Conclusion: Thepresent work suggests a weak or irrelevant permeability relating to this analysis.

[Survey of antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extract of propolis by Salmonella typhymurium/microsome]

In this study, antimutagenesis effect of ethanolic extract of propolis against two mutagenic substances named azide sodium and potassium permanganate in the presence and the absence of microsomal homogenate of mouse liver [S9] has been investigated. In this experimental study at first, different concentrations of ethanolic extract of propolis [0.1-5%] for determining minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] against tester strains were used. Then by Ames test, antimutagenesis effect was assessed in nontoxic extent. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium were used. Mutant strains [His-] were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So only those bacteria that were reversed by mutation [His+] could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen [EEP] and mutagen substances were gathered, reversed mutation would be reduced and the rate of mutation inhibition could be calculated by means of formula. The differences between the averages of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens were analyzed using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA. The resulted MIC values clearly showed that ethanolic extract of propolis at 5% concentration has antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhymurium, but in 0.1-4% concentrations, such effects were not seen. Findings also showed that propolis in such concentrations could neutralize mutagenic effects of those substances in a dose dependent manner. Finally we found that ethanolic extract of propolis that contains different kinds of major and important substances like flavonoids, has good antimutagenic effects and the best concentration for obtaining such effect is in 4% which also was confirmed with microsomal results. The mechanism of antibacterial effect of propolis is complex and it has no analogy to any classic antibiotics, but it should be emphasized that bacterial cell division is inhibited by propolis. Some researchers also argue that propolis could inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Efficacy of five chemicals on fasciola gigantica encysted metacercariae infectivity

The efficacy of treating encysted metacercariae [EMC] of Fasciola gigantica with different concentrations [conc] of acetic acid, citric acid, cetrimide, potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide, for 15 and 30 minutes was evaluated. The efficacy of these chemicals on the vitality and infectivity of the EMC was evaluated by the development of fascioliasis infection, and the histopathological changes in the livers of experimentally infected Albino rabbits. The results showed that 1% sodium hydroxide had a lethal effect on EMC, 10% to 40% potassium permanganate destroyed the infectivity power of EMC, and acetic acid gave an adverse effect on the EMC in cone, more than 2.5%. But, neither citric acid nor cetrimide affected the vitality or infectivity of EMC and all rabbits acquired fascioliasis

Intoxicación aguda por fosforo blanco: reporte de un caso / Poisoning acute with white phosphorus: report of the case

El fósforo blanco es un tóxico muy potente empleado en la elaboración de fuegos artificiales, su ingestión accidental o intencional causa un cuadro de intoxicación aguda que evoluciona en cuatro fases clínicas con una alta letalidad. El manejo mediante lavado gástrico con permanganato de potasio o peroxido de hidrogeno, la administración de N-acetyl cisteína y las medidas de soporte, constituyen las bases del tratamiento cuyo éxito depende del inicio precoz. Se presenta el caso de un lactante mayor de 12 meses con ingestión de “raspa-raspa”, en quien el manejo precoz, ante el riesgo de intoxicación por fósforo blanco, dio como resultado una evolución favorable del paciente.

Influence of exogenous substance on germination of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study of exogenous substances on the germination rate of Platycodon grandiflorum and offer the basis for the standardized culture of P. grandiflorum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>At 25 degrees C, under darkness and lightness, do pretreatmeats on seeds by using GA3, H2O2, KMnO4, PEG at different concentrations.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results indicated that the pretreatments with GA3 at a concentrating of 50-250 mg x L(-1) and 1%-2% of H2O2 could increase germination of P. grandiflorum seed at a certain degree. Contrariwise 0.1%-0.5% of KMnO4 and 15%-35% of PEG inhibited the germination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pretreatment with 50-250 mg x L(-1)GA3 and H2O2 at a low cencontration could increase the seed germination of P. grandiflorum.</p>

Qualidade pós-colheita de couve-flor æTeresópolis gigante' tratada com etileno, absorvedor de etileno e 1-metilciclopropeno / Postharvest quality of 'Teresópolis gigante' cauliflower treated with ethylene, ethylene absorbent and 1-methylcyclopropene

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da aplicação e absorção de etileno, assim como o uso de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de couve-flor æTeresópolis Gigante'. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: armazenamento refrigerado, uso de saches de permanganato de potássio (80g), 1-MCP (1,0 e 0,5µl L-1) e aplicação de etileno (1,0µl L-1). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a coloração mais verde da cabeça e das folhas foi obtida nos tratamentos com a aplicação de 1-MCP e uso de saches de permanganato de potássio. A menor firmeza da haste foi obtida com a aplicação de etileno. Conclui-se que a aplicação de 1-MCP, assim como o uso de saches de permanganato de potássio promovem a manutenção da cor verde da cabeça e das folhas, assim como o etileno exógeno reduz a firmeza da haste de couve-flor æTeresópolis Gigante'.

A modified method for the selective staining of elastic system fibers in methacrylate tissue sections

The elastic system fibers are abundant elements of the extracellular matrix found in organs such as skin, blood vessels, lung and in elastic cartilage and elastic tendons. These fibers have been studied by several selective staining methods, such as resorcin-fuchsin for light microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin plus fluorescence and confocal scanning laser microscopy. However, most of these techniques are only efficient for tissues embedded in paraffin or paraplast, since most dyes show low penetration into glycol methacrylate resins. In this report, we describe a variation of Weigert´s resorcin-fuchsin method that involves the pretreatment of resin sections with potassium permanganate. This procedure increased the affinity between the dye and elastic fibers, and stained the elastic fibers in black of dark violet, the nuclei in purple and other structures in light blue. Thus, this modification of the original method provided excellent artifact-free demarcation of elastic fibers in well-preserved tissues.

Erythema Nodosum Probably Induced by Kerion Celsi

A 6-year-old girl visited us with a 4-week history of inflammatory, pustular, tender patches and plaques on the scalp, and a 3-day history of multiple, erythematous, indurated, tender, subcutaneous nodules on both pretibial areas. A swab was taken from the scalp lesion and colonies of Tiichophyton mentagrophytes grew on culture. The histopathological findings of the leg nodule were consistent with erythema nodosum. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole and deflazacort, combined with topical potassium permanganate solution. Erythema nodosum regressed two weeks later and the kerion of the scalp regressed six weeks after starting the treatment, leaving residual scarring alopecia. The patient was diagnosed as erythema nodosum probably induced by kerion celsi, that has not been reported in the Korean literature.